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Virtualization Guide
ContentsContents
Virtualization Guide
  1. Preface
  2. I Introduction
    1. 1 Virtualization technology
    2. 2 Virtualization scenarios
    3. 3 Introduction to Xen virtualization
    4. 4 Introduction to KVM virtualization
    5. 5 Virtualization tools
    6. 6 Installation of virtualization components
  3. II Managing virtual machines with libvirt
    1. 7 libvirt daemons
    2. 8 Preparing the VM Host Server
    3. 9 Guest installation
    4. 10 Basic VM Guest management
    5. 11 Connecting and authorizing
    6. 12 Advanced storage topics
    7. 13 Configuring virtual machines with Virtual Machine Manager
    8. 14 Configuring virtual machines with virsh
    9. 15 Xen to KVM migration guide
  4. III Hypervisor-independent features
    1. 16 Disk cache modes
    2. 17 VM Guest clock settings
    3. 18 libguestfs
    4. 19 QEMU guest agent
    5. 20 Software TPM emulator
    6. 21 Creating crash dumps of a VM Guest
  5. IV Managing virtual machines with Xen
    1. 22 Setting up a virtual machine host
    2. 23 Virtual networking
    3. 24 Managing a virtualization environment
    4. 25 Block devices in Xen
    5. 26 Virtualization: configuration options and settings
    6. 27 Administrative tasks
    7. 28 XenStore: configuration database shared between domains
    8. 29 Xen as a high-availability virtualization host
    9. 30 Xen: converting a paravirtual (PV) guest into a fully virtual (FV/HVM) guest
  6. V Managing virtual machines with QEMU
    1. 31 QEMU overview
    2. 32 Setting up a KVM VM Host Server
    3. 33 Guest installation
    4. 34 Running virtual machines with qemu-system-ARCH
    5. 35 Virtual machine administration using QEMU monitor
  7. VI Troubleshooting
    1. 36 Integrated help and package documentation
    2. 37 Gathering system information and logs
  8. Glossary
  9. A Configuring GPU Pass-Through for NVIDIA cards
  10. B GNU licenses
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Virtualization Guide

Abstract

This guide describes virtualization technology in general. It introduces libvirt—the unified interface to virtualization—and provides detailed information on specific hypervisors.

Publication Date: August 02, 2023
Preface
Available documentation
Improving the documentation
Documentation conventions
I Introduction
1 Virtualization technology
1.1 Overview
1.2 Virtualization benefits
1.3 Virtualization modes
1.4 I/O virtualization
2 Virtualization scenarios
2.1 Server consolidation
2.2 Isolation
2.3 Disaster recovery
2.4 Dynamic load balancing
3 Introduction to Xen virtualization
3.1 Basic components
3.2 Xen virtualization architecture
4 Introduction to KVM virtualization
4.1 Basic components
4.2 KVM virtualization architecture
5 Virtualization tools
5.1 Virtualization console tools
5.2 Virtualization GUI tools
6 Installation of virtualization components
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Installing virtualization components
6.3 Installing UEFI support
6.4 Enable nested virtualization in KVM
II Managing virtual machines with libvirt
7 libvirt daemons
7.1 Starting and stopping the monolithic daemon
7.2 Starting and stopping the modular daemons
7.3 Switching to modular daemons
8 Preparing the VM Host Server
8.1 Configuring networks
8.2 Configuring a storage pool
9 Guest installation
9.1 GUI-based guest installation
9.2 Installing from the command line with virt-install
9.3 Advanced guest installation scenarios
10 Basic VM Guest management
10.1 Listing VM Guests
10.2 Accessing the VM Guest via console
10.3 Changing a VM Guest's state: start, stop, pause
10.4 Saving and restoring the state of a VM Guest
10.5 Creating and managing snapshots
10.6 Deleting a VM Guest
10.7 Migrating VM Guests
10.8 Monitoring
11 Connecting and authorizing
11.1 Authentication
11.2 Connecting to a VM Host Server
11.3 Configuring remote connections
12 Advanced storage topics
12.1 Locking disk files and block devices with virtlockd
12.2 Online resizing of guest block devices
12.3 Sharing directories between host and guests (file system pass-through)
12.4 Using RADOS block devices with libvirt
13 Configuring virtual machines with Virtual Machine Manager
13.1 Machine setup
13.2 Storage
13.3 Controllers
13.4 Networking
13.5 Input devices
13.6 Video
13.7 USB redirectors
13.8 Miscellaneous
13.9 Adding a CD/DVD-ROM device with Virtual Machine Manager
13.10 Adding a floppy device with Virtual Machine Manager
13.11 Ejecting and changing floppy or CD/DVD-ROM media with Virtual Machine Manager
13.12 Assigning a host PCI device to a VM Guest
13.13 Assigning a host USB device to a VM Guest
14 Configuring virtual machines with virsh
14.1 Editing the VM configuration
14.2 Changing the machine type
14.3 Configuring hypervisor features
14.4 Configuring CPU
14.5 Changing boot options
14.6 Configuring memory allocation
14.7 Adding a PCI device
14.8 Adding a USB device
14.9 Adding SR-IOV devices
14.10 Listing attached devices
14.11 Configuring storage devices
14.12 Configuring controller devices
14.13 Configuring video devices
14.14 Configuring network devices
14.15 Using macvtap to share VM Host Server network interfaces
14.16 Disabling a memory balloon device
14.17 Configuring multiple monitors (dual head)
14.18 Crypto adapter pass-through to KVM guests on IBM Z
15 Xen to KVM migration guide
15.1 Migration to KVM using virt-v2v
15.2 Xen to KVM manual migration
15.3 More information
III Hypervisor-independent features
16 Disk cache modes
16.1 What is a disk cache?
16.2 How does a disk cache work?
16.3 Benefits of disk caching
16.4 Virtual disk cache modes
16.5 Cache modes and data integrity
16.6 Cache modes and live migration
17 VM Guest clock settings
17.1 KVM: using kvm_clock
17.2 Xen virtual machine clock settings
18 libguestfs
18.1 VM Guest manipulation overview
18.2 Package installation
18.3 Guestfs tools
18.4 Troubleshooting
18.5 More information
19 QEMU guest agent
19.1 Running QEMU GA commands
19.2 virsh commands that require QEMU GA
19.3 Enhancing libvirt commands
19.4 More information
20 Software TPM emulator
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Prerequisites
20.3 Installation
20.4 Using swtpm with QEMU
20.5 Using swtpm with libvirt
20.6 TPM measurement with OVMF firmware
20.7 Resources
21 Creating crash dumps of a VM Guest
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Creating crash dumps for fully virtualized machines
21.3 Creating crash dumps for paravirtualized machines
21.4 Additional information
IV Managing virtual machines with Xen
22 Setting up a virtual machine host
22.1 Best practices and suggestions
22.2 Managing Dom0 memory
22.3 Network card in fully virtualized guests
22.4 Starting the virtual machine host
22.5 PCI Pass-Through
22.6 USB pass-through
23 Virtual networking
23.1 Network devices for guest systems
23.2 Host-based routing in Xen
23.3 Creating a masqueraded network setup
23.4 Special configurations
24 Managing a virtualization environment
24.1 XL—Xen management tool
24.2 Automatic start of guest domains
24.3 Event actions
24.4 Time Stamp Counter
24.5 Saving virtual machines
24.6 Restoring virtual machines
24.7 Virtual machine states
25 Block devices in Xen
25.1 Mapping physical storage to virtual disks
25.2 Mapping network storage to virtual disk
25.3 File-backed virtual disks and loopback devices
25.4 Resizing block devices
25.5 Scripts for managing advanced storage scenarios
26 Virtualization: configuration options and settings
26.1 Virtual CD readers
26.2 Remote access methods
26.3 VNC viewer
26.4 Virtual keyboards
26.5 Dedicating CPU resources
26.6 HVM features
26.7 Virtual CPU scheduling
27 Administrative tasks
27.1 The boot loader program
27.2 Sparse image files and disk space
27.3 Migrating Xen VM Guest systems
27.4 Monitoring Xen
27.5 Providing host information for VM Guest systems
28 XenStore: configuration database shared between domains
28.1 Introduction
28.2 File system interface
29 Xen as a high-availability virtualization host
29.1 Xen HA with remote storage
29.2 Xen HA with local storage
29.3 Xen HA and private bridges
30 Xen: converting a paravirtual (PV) guest into a fully virtual (FV/HVM) guest
V Managing virtual machines with QEMU
31 QEMU overview
32 Setting up a KVM VM Host Server
32.1 CPU support for virtualization
32.2 Required software
32.3 KVM host-specific features
33 Guest installation
33.1 Basic installation with qemu-system-ARCH
33.2 Managing disk images with qemu-img
34 Running virtual machines with qemu-system-ARCH
34.1 Basic qemu-system-ARCH invocation
34.2 General qemu-system-ARCH options
34.3 Using devices in QEMU
34.4 Networking in QEMU
34.5 Viewing a VM Guest with VNC
35 Virtual machine administration using QEMU monitor
35.1 Accessing monitor console
35.2 Getting information about the guest system
35.3 Changing VNC password
35.4 Managing devices
35.5 Controlling keyboard and mouse
35.6 Changing available memory
35.7 Dumping virtual machine memory
35.8 Managing virtual machine snapshots
35.9 Suspending and resuming virtual machine execution
35.10 Live migration
35.11 QMP - QEMU machine protocol
VI Troubleshooting
36 Integrated help and package documentation
37 Gathering system information and logs
37.1 libvirt log controls
Glossary
A Configuring GPU Pass-Through for NVIDIA cards
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Prerequisites
A.3 Configuring the host
A.4 Configuring the guest
B GNU licenses
B.1 GNU Free Documentation License
List of Figures
3.1 Xen virtualization architecture
4.1 KVM virtualization architecture
6.1 System Role screen
8.1 Connection details
8.2 Create virtual network
9.1 Specifying default options for new VMs
13.1 Details view of a VM Guest
13.2 Overview details
13.3 VM Guest title and description
13.4 Performance
13.5 Statistics charts
13.6 Processor view
13.7 Memory view
13.8 Boot options
13.9 Add a new storage
13.10 Add a new controller
13.11 Add a new network interface
13.12 Add a new input device
13.13 Add a new video device
13.14 Add a new USB redirector
13.15 Adding a PCI device
13.16 Adding a USB device
16.1 Caching mechanism
27.1 Boot loader settings
32.1 Installing the KVM hypervisor and tools
32.2 Network bridge
34.1 QEMU window with SLES as VM Guest
34.2 QEMU VNC session
34.3 Authentication dialog in Remmina
List of Tables
29.1 Xen remote storage
List of Examples
8.1 NAT-based network
8.2 Routed network
8.3 Isolated network
8.4 Using an existing bridge on VM Host Server
9.1 Loading kernel and initrd from HTTP server
9.2 Example of a virt-install command line
10.1 Typical output of kvm_stat
14.1 Example XML configuration file
24.1 Guest domain configuration file for SLED 12: /etc/xen/sled12.cfg
32.1 Exporting host's file system with VirtFS
34.1 Restricted user-mode networking
34.2 User-mode networking with custom IP range
34.3 User-mode networking with network-boot and TFTP
34.4 User-mode networking with host port forwarding
34.5 Password authentication
34.6 x509 certificate authentication
34.7 x509 certificate and password authentication
34.8 SASL authentication

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